| Field Articles: |
| 1900 - Building the Chicago Sanitary and Ship CanalWork on the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal was started in 1889 and it became an important means of transportation for Chicago from 1900 onwards. It also helped to reverse the flow of the Chicago River that was polluting Lake Michigan with sewage from the river. The Origin of and Ideas That Went Into Making the Chicago Sanitary And Ship Canal Chica... |
| The Hidden History of TNTThis is a review of the poorly known story of TNT. Few people realize that TNT, though developed at the same time as dynamite, is actually a different compound entirely. The history of TNT has an interesting starting point: TNT was developed as a dye, not an explosive! The history of TNT explosive is lengthy and interesting. The compound re... |
| Use Hydrology for Return Period Estimation of Rainfall, Like a 100 Year FloodHydrology (the study of water) includes study of the return period estimation of rainfall of given magnitude, i.e. the 100 year storm or the 100 year flood. The effect of a 100 year flood on river levels and on residents of a flood plain are issues that lead to interest in this topic. What is a 100 Year Flood? Most people have heard the... |
| Safety in Buiding ConstructionAccidents may happen during the course of construction of a building. The reasons for accidents seem to have more in common than different. Safety in Building Construction Quite often accidents occur during construction of buildings. There can be various reasons for these accidents. These can be carelessness on the part of workers, improper plannin... |
| Pipe Flow Calculations 3: The Friction Factor & Frictional Head LossFrictional head loss (or pressure drop) in pipe flow is related to the friction factor and flow velocity by the Darcy Weisbach equation. Reynolds number is needed to find friction factor value. Fully developed turbulent flow is needed in order to use the friction factor equation for pipe flow. Introduction Pipe flow under pressure is used f... |
| Land Surveying TechniquesPossession of land has been and even now is a very important part of the lives of everyone in this world. Irrespective of the fact surveying took place to find out which tribe possessed which forest or the limits of most important cities, the history of land surveying is amazingly fascinating. What is Land Surveying? The land surveying techniqu... |
| Pipe Flow/Head Loss/Friction Factor Calculations with Excel Spreadsheet TemplatesCalculation of frictional head loss or pressure drop for pipe flow, using the Darcy Weisbach/ friction factor equation, can be done with downloadable Excel spreadsheet templates given in this article. A template is also given for calculation of pipe diameter needed for given flow rate and head loss. Pipe Flow/Head Loss Calculations with Exc... |
| Pipe Flow_Friction Factor Calculations_Pipe DiameterThis Excel spreadsheet template calculates the required pipe diameter to carry a specified pipe flow rate for a given maximum head loss, and known pipe length and roughness, and known fluid density and viscosity. The Excel formulas use an iterative procedure for this calculation. This spreadsheet is described in the article, " Pipe Flow/Head L... |
| Excel Template for Pipe Flow_Head Loss CalculationThis is an Excel spreadsheet template for calculation of frictional head loss and pressure drop for a specified pipe flow rate with known pipe diameter, length and roughness, and known fluid density and viscosity. This Excel spreadsheet is discussed in the article, " Pipe Flow/Head Loss/Friction Factor Calculations with Excel spreadsheet templ... |
| James Robbins and his $10,000,000 MachineJames Robbins made his first machine for boring tunnels for a dam diversion project in the 1950s. He developed the technique to make rotating heads and disc cutters a technology that exists even today. A tunnel boring machine is a safer, faster method of making tunnels than the earlier techniques. Making Of Tunnels before the Advent of Tunnel Borin... |
